01 - Preheat oven to 400°F. Lightly grease a 9×13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick spray.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil. Add the trimmed and halved Brussels sprouts and blanch for 3–4 minutes until just fork-tender. Drain thoroughly and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the chopped onion and sauté for 3–4 minutes until soft and translucent. Stir in the minced garlic and cook for 1 additional minute until fragrant.
04 - Pour the heavy cream into the skillet and bring to a gentle simmer. Add ¾ cup Parmesan cheese, mozzarella, salt, pepper, dried thyme, and nutmeg. Stir continuously for 2–3 minutes until the cheeses have fully melted and the sauce thickens slightly.
05 - Fold the blanched Brussels sprouts into the creamy sauce until evenly coated. Transfer the entire mixture to the prepared baking dish, spreading it into an even layer.
06 - In a small bowl, combine the panko breadcrumbs, ¼ cup grated Parmesan, and olive oil. Mix until the breadcrumbs are evenly moistened. Sprinkle the topping uniformly over the casserole.
07 - Bake for 20–25 minutes until the edges are bubbling and the topping is golden brown. Allow the casserole to rest for 5 minutes before serving.